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space gun
A space gun, sometimes called a Verne gun because of its appearance in ''From the Earth to the Moon'' by Jules Verne, is a method of launching an object into space using a large gun, or cannon. Space guns could thus potentially provide a method of non-rocket spacelaunch. It has been conjectured that space guns could place satellites into Earth's orbit (although after-launch propulsion of the satellite would be necessary to achieve a stable orbit), and could also launch spacecraft beyond Earth's gravitational pull and into other parts of the Solar System by exceeding Earth's escape velocity of about 11.2 km/s or . However, these speeds are too far into the hypersonic range for most practical propulsion systems and also would cause most objects to burn up due to aerodynamic heating or be torn apart by aerodynamic drag. Therefore, a more likely future use of space guns would be to launch objects into near Earth orbit, from where attached rockets could be fired or the objects could be "collected" by maneuverable orbiting satellites.
In Project HARP, a 1960s joint United States and Canada defence project, a U.S. Navy 100 caliber gun was used to fire a projectile at 3600 m/s or , reaching an apogee of , hence performing a suborbital spaceflight. However, a space gun has never been successfully used to launch an object into orbit or out of Earth's gravitational pull.
== Technical issues ==
The large g-force likely to be experienced by a ballistic projectile launched in this matter would mean that a space gun would be incapable of safely launching humans or delicate instruments, rather being restricted to freight, fuel or ruggedized satellites.
Atmospheric drag also makes it more difficult to control the trajectory of any projectile launched, as it would subject the projectile to extremely high counter-pressures, and likely would cause severe energy losses that would be difficult to overcome.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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